A Farewell To Arms And The Lottery By Shirley Jackson

Kelly Warner 29 September 2017 EN 234 – Introduction to Fiction Setting and Symbolism In the novel â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† by Ernest Hemingway and the short story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, there are distinct similarities and differences in the setting and symbolism used throughout. In order to see what the authors are trying to say, from time to time, you have to look deeper into the facts in the writing and analyze. Both of these stories are extremely stimulating, while still being heartbreaking. The styles that these stories have make you as a reader see things differently in your own life and your own experiences. If you look at the similarities in these two stories, it is apparent that both of the authors use weather to†¦show more content†¦The weather also had meaningful symbolism in both of the stories that led to the plot and conclusion of the story. The rain in â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† has more meaning than what we initially read. Rain symbolized death. If you look at the first chapter, it reads, â€Å"In the fal l when the rains came the leaves all fell from the chestnut trees and the branches were bare and the trunks blank with rain; the vineyards were thin and bare-branched too and all the country wet and brown and dead with autumn† (Hemingway, 4). There was an outbreak of fatal illnesses that killed seven thousand people, â€Å"At the start of the winter came the permanent rain and with the rain came the cholera† (Hemingway, 7). Later on, Catherine tells Henry â€Å"I’m afraid of the rain because sometimes I see myself dead in it; and sometimes I see you dead in it† (Hemingway, 107). â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† and â€Å"The Lottery† both use religion as a form of symbolism. Henry describes the priest’s home of Abruzzi as a â€Å"place where the roads were frozen and hard as iron, where it was clear and cod and dry and the snow was dry and powdery† (Hemingway, 116). Even though the story showed glimpses of hope, Henry said â€Å"I bel ieved that life was a tragedy and knew it could only have one end† (Merrill). The author of â€Å"The Lottery† was a Christian woman, so I can see why the critic Helen Nebeker argued that â€Å"the three legs of theShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1149 Words   |  5 Pagesutilize their original purpose- or becoming outdated. In â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, she highlights the detrimental causes of what happens when a tradition is continued, and the original history is forgotten. There are many traditions that are no longer followed today because they no longer serve a purpose, but in â€Å"The Lottery,† the outdated tradition is still being followed by the community. Due to the brutality of â€Å"The Lottery,† Jackson warns of the consequences of simply following something justRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson, born on December 14, 1916, devotes much of her life to the writing of short stories and novels. Some of these include The Sundial, The Haunting of Hill House, and We Have Always Lived in the Castle. Jacksons stories, inspiring and influential to most, are also controversial to some. Her most controversial story, published in 1948 in The New Yorker, is The Lottery. The purpose for the writing of the story varies depending upon the reader, but some might say that it expressesRead More Essay on Shirley Jacksons The Lottery - Inhumanity Exposed1161 Words   |  5 Pages Inhumanity Exposed in The Lottery nbsp; The story entitled The Lottery, written by Shirley Jackson is an intriguing and shocking parable. The Lottery is set in a small village on a clear summer day. Written in objective third person point of view, The Lottery keeps the reader in suspense as the story progresses. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The story begins June 27th on a clear and sunnyfull-summer day. From the very beginning, irony occurs in the storyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesRichard Gould, Kenneth King, Marjorie Lee, Elizabeth Perry, Heidi Wackerli, Perry Weddle, Tiffany Whetstone, and the following reviewers: David Adams, California State Polytechnic University; Stanley Baronett, Jr., University of Nevada-Las Vegas; Shirley J. Bell, University of Arkansas at Monticello; Phyllis Berger, Diablo Valley College; Kevin Galvin, East Los Angeles College; Jacquelyn Ann Kegley, California State University-Bakersfield; Darryl Mehring, University of Colorado at Denver; Dean

Essay On Social Anxiety Disorder - 1267 Words

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is not a disease, nor can an individual contract it. It is a manifestation of one’s own perception of being rejected, humiliated, ignored or scrutinized, an incapacitating fear of social situations. SAD affects both children and adults, all ethnicities, men and women, although studies have shown that more women develop SAD than men and it is a global disorder. When an individual suffers from SAD, the routine life of these individuals can be affected. However, there is a better life with effective treatment but without treatment it is an agonizing and stressful psychological issue. Even with successful interventions being available, a factor as to why many individuals, with SAD, will not seek treatment, is for†¦show more content†¦This disorder is chronic, and never goes away. Those who suffer from this disorder may be seen by others as nervous, shy, unfriendly, or withdrawn. Ironically, these people want to make friends and be included in social interactions. Sufferers yearn for the ability to be social, open and friendly. However, the disorder inhibits them from being able to engage in these activities. In some instances, people with social anxiety disorder feel as though they have a deformity, or that they are look strange and feel defenseless when they are stared at. The direct cause of social anxiety disorder is unknown. However, as of 2002, there has been evidence linking social phobia to genetics, making it appear to be influenced by both physical and environmental factors. Social phobia (n.d.) writes that a group of researchers attending Yale discovered between human chromosomes 1, 3, and 11q have been connected to different anxiety disorders. Subsequently, since social anxiety disorder shares some of the same traits as panic disorder, it makes sense to think that these genes also are controlled by these same disorders. Additionally, it is said that the National Institute of Mental Health may have identified a gene that controls fear in mice. PET, or positron emission tomography scans have shown that those who suffer from social anxiety disorder have an increase in blood flow in the amygdala (the part of the brain thatShow MoreRelatedSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Essay735 Words   |  3 Pages Social Anxiety Disorder (social phobia) is the third largest mental health care problem in the world. Latest government epidemiological data show social phobia affects over 7% of the population at any given time. The lifetime prevalence rate (i.e., the chances of developing social anxiety disorder at any time during the lifespan) stands at above 13%. Definition: Social anxiety is the fear of social situations that involve interaction with other people. Put anotherRead MoreEssay on Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1308 Words   |  6 PagesSocial anxiety disorder (social phobia) can be described as an extreme, persistent fear of being scrutinized or judged by others in social situations. This fear may lead to feelings of embarrassment, humiliation and self-consciousness. People who suffer from this condition may â€Å"feel powerless against their anxiety† (ADAA). These emotions often interfere with daily activities, such as school, work and personal relationships. The person might begin to withdraw socially or avoid situations in whichRead MoreEssay about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1072 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social Anxiety Disorder or social phobia, is the third largest mental health care problem in the world. (Stein, 2010) National statistical surveys carried out in 2002 in the United Kingdom suggest that the prevalence rates for social phobias among young people in the UK were around 4%. (National Statistics, 2002) ‘Social phobia is characterised by intense and persistent fear of social situations in which scrutiny and embarrassment could occur’. (Orsillo Hammond 2001, p.159)Read MoreEssay about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1173 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorders is defined as a marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny by others (Cuncic). People who do not believe in this disorder think that it’s just shyness that is being pathologized (Cuncic). Just because you may be a little shy or a bit nervous on occasion doesnt mean that you have this condition. Social Anxiety Disorders are psychological problemsRead MoreRicky Williams and Social Anxiety Disorder Essay1922 Words   |  8 PagesRicky Williams and Social Anxiety Disorder Introduction As regular people of society, we tend to put celebrities up on a pedestal and view them as a higher being. We often think that they have perfect lives, having everything they could ever need even though, this is not the case. There are many situations, problems and other situations that occur behind the scenes that we do not know about that these celebrities face every day. Some of our heroes who we think are perfect may actually sufferRead More Social Anxiety Disorder Among Incoming College Students Essay example1516 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Anxiety Disorder Among Incoming College Students   Ã‚   When you are a senior in high school, you are the top dog. You have finally made it to the point where you now are on top of the food chain. The underclassman, freshmen, sophomores and juniors, look up to you. However, you soon will be leaving. Graduation rears itself around the corner and before you know it, June is here and you are walking across the stage to receive your diploma. You look out at the crowd and see Mom and Dad;Read MoreHow I Overcame Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Essay example1387 Words   |  6 Pagesof a panic disorder and those of an anxiety disorder. With each question I gave a nod in response, not a â€Å"yes†, not even a â€Å"yeah†, just a nod.â€Å"Have you ever experienced a rapid heartbeat, faintness of breath associated with these experiences?† I nodded. â€Å"Have you ever experienced sweating, numbness, shaking in this context† she asked. I nodded. A few minutes later, several question and several nods had brou ght her to a conclusion. I had a panic and anxiety disorder in relation to social stimuli whichRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1734 Words   |  7 PagesAustralian figures of a burden of the disease show that mental health problems occur in approximately 14% of young people aged 4–17 years, and 27 % in the 18–24-year-old age range. Most mental disorders, for example, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), anxiety disorder, mood disorder, psychotic disorder, begin during youth 12–24 years of age, although they are often first detected later in life (Lawrence et al. 2015). Poor mental health is related to other health and development concerns inRead MoreEssay on Anxiety Disorder and the Different Types677 Words   |  3 PagesAnxiety is the most common type of psychiatric diagnosis and brings together several disorders. These disorders cause fear, worry, panic and apprehension. Anxiety is different from fear to the extent that it is a reaction to an anticipated problem and fear is a reaction to a present problem or danger. The fear, worry, panic and apprehension caused by anxiety disorders are out of proportion. People suffering from an anxiety disorder have difficulties coping with certain situations in life; anxietyRead MoreTreatment Plan for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will cover what obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is and how leisure education can be used to help these individuals who have been diagnosed with OCD. This essay will discuss the various characteristics that can be noticed with an individual who has been diagnosed with OCD and also introduce different leisure activities that can be used to help these individuals. The overall goal for this essay is to provide strong evidence showing that leisure education can be useful in helping individuals

Knowledge and Attitudes of Pain Management

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge and Attitudes of Pain Management. Answer: Introduction: Pain management is one of the desired skills required in nurses and physicians to provide relief to patients with acute clinical manifestations of disease (Barr eta l., 2013). It helps in improving the quality of care through effective pain assessment and management at regular intervals. Ineffective pain management can lead to adverse physical and psychological health outcome in patients, therefore pain management in critical to enhance delivery of care (Stang et al., 2014). This reflective essay particularly describes method of pain assessment and management of patient with cholecystitis after undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pain is often described as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience related with actual or potential tissue damage or injury that stimulate the nociceptors and invoke the sensation of pain in the affected person (Wiech, 2016). The perception of pain can range from mild, to discrete localized distress or agonizing ache and comprise of both physical and emotional aspects. Recent evidences suggest that pain perception is intimately related to cognitive processes and learning mechanisms and efforts are in progress to harness the power of the mind in treating pain and associated noxious stimuli. Classification of pain can be done depending upon the extent and duration of the perceived sensation and encompass acute and chronic types (Wiech, 2016). Acute pain has a sudden onset and lasts for limited time compared to the chronic pain that lasts longer. Acute pain results from impact on tissues such as bone, muscle or any organ that cause tissue injury and accompanies anxiety and other emotional disturbances (Hadzic, 2016). Contrarily, chronic pain is attributable to long term debilitating diseases accounting for tissue damage or nerve injury (Barr et al., 2013). However, chronic pain is resistant to medication and the sufferers are more prone to encounter mental health issues pertaining to depression or anxiety. The pathophysiology of pain has a complex interaction. It follows a long pathway by which neuron establishes connection with brain and spinal cord and stimulates them to perceive pain. Sensory neuron senses the pain at specific location and sends impulses to the spinal cord and then it travels to the thalamus of brain. The thalamus organizes the information and the sensory cortex interprets this message as pain. This signal is directed back to the location of pain by the motor neurons which lead to reaction of pain in individual (Rodriguez, 2015). During my nursing practice, once I came across a 32 years old patient who was admitted in the emergency department with severe abdominal pain on the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. The grimacing pain that the patient was encountering due to her prevailing clinical condition prompted me to undertake a suitable treatment regime in keeping with her clinical manifestations and signs. At this stage, my first nursing priority was to properly assess the patient with the use of an evidence based assessment tool to determine the cause and severity of pain (Bourdel et al., 2015). Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) is a pain assessmenttool to measure the pain intensity by virtue of 11 point scale or a 101 point scale in which 0 is applicable to the lowest perception of pain while 10 or 100 denotes highest intensity ofpain. NRS is a valid and feasible technique applicable to a wide range of patients to assess the pain intensity even trough telephonic conversations indicating a positive and signif icant correlation with the measures of pain intensity (Gupta, Drabik, Chakrabortty, 2016). Contrarily Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) is a comprehensible, easy to administer pain assessment tool that consists of a list of a list of adjectives accounting for various levels of pain intensity (Stang et al., 2014). Pain intensities encompassing from no pain to extreme pain can be estimated by virtue of VRS. It is found to be sensitive to the treatments that are further found to influence pain intensity. In a 4 point scale, pain is perceived ranging from no pain, mild, moderate to severe pain. Visual Analogue Scale and graphic rating scale are other tools that may be implemented in clinical setting (Reed Van Nostran, 2014). Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) and Numerical rating scale (NRS) were used as a tool to assess the pain in the patient rated on a 10 point scale. It helped in evaluating the impact of pain as well as severity of pain. The research by (Pag et al., 2012) investigated the validati on of numerical rating scale for measuring pain intensity and unpleasantness in acute pain and it showed that numerical assessment tool has high accuracy and sensitivity for analyzing the pain intensity and patients discomfort level. The first step that I carried out for pain assessment of patient was to inquire about the location, characteristics and pattern of pain. The first step was to document the patients self-report of pain as this helps in getting an initial idea about level of complications and risk of cognitive impairment in patient (Dorflinger et al., 2013, Duke et al., 2013). On inquiry from patient, it was found that pain started first in the epigastrium which then became localized in the upper right quadrant of stomach. The patient also reported that pain worsens during coughing and movement. The second step during pain assessment is to make assumptions of pain if there is lack of reliable self-report of pain. However, in my patients case, she was able to effectively report on duration and location of pain. Now I used the verbal rating scale to assess the behavioral indicators of pain. This tool is also useful to monitor behavioral indicators of pain when critically ill patients cannot self-report o n the severity and characteristics of pain (Chanques et al., 2014, Voshall et al., 2013). On observation of patients behavior, she was found to be anxious and very uncomfortable as her abdominal pain was associated with nausea and vomiting too. This was evident from facial expression and grimacing sign of patient. I also used verbal rating scale which consist of adjectives like no pain and a score of 0, followed by mild, moderate and sever pain in which the score also goes on increasing with increasing intensity. On the other hand numerical rating scale is dependent on judging the severity of pain on a score of 0 to 10. Therefore after pain assessment, the pain score was 10/10 and after trial with analgesics like IM Pethidine and IV tramadol, the pain score subsided to 5/10. Pain assessment helped in predicting the cause and nature of pain, however actual of pain could be diagnosed only after physical test. The main physical test ordered for the patient included liver function test, abdominal ultrasound, CT and X-ray, and cholecystogarm test. Liver function test was important to see elevated level of lipase or bilirubin. Finally diagnosis and cause of pain was finally determined by physician as the reports revealed that the patients gall bladder wall had thickened and there was presence of pericholecystic fluid in it. Therefore the patient was diagnosed with cholecystitis.This was confirmed because cholecystitis occurs when there is stone on bile product or gall bladder and increased bacteria in the bile lead to production of pericholecystic fluid (Allen, S. N. (2013). The psychological aspect of pain perception in patients is vital to improvise novel pain abatement methods and techniques. Psychology in pain is guided by two pivotal components of emotion al and behavioral factors that in turn affect the consequences in healthcare setting and should be adequately addressed by the healthcare professionals to allow a holistic mode of treatment (Stankovi?Valerjev, 2014). The main challenge in pain management occurred after the patient was operated for laparoscopic cholecyctectomy. Post operation also, the pain assessment was done with numerical pain assessment tool and the numerical pain score was 7/10. At this point, it was necessary to provide patient pain medication according to best practice guidelines for pain management. She was given tramadol medicine to relieve pain. This was in compliance with best practice guideline as there are many evidences which prove that tramadol hyrocholride is effective for post-operative pain management (Barr et al., 2013). Study by Husic et al., 2015 also compared the efficacy of this analgesic for treating post-operative pain and it was found that the total pain was single dose of this medication is more effective than combination of analgesics acetaminophen-propoxyphene. However, it is necessary that patients be made aware of complications as taking tramadol caused dizziness in patients. Therefore, use of tramod ol along with arcoxia, nexium and IV unasyn helped in gradually eliminating the patients level of pain. In the next few days, her pain was assessed form time to time and she was encouraged to ambulate. Finally, her pain score subsided form 7/10 in the 1st day post operation to 1/10 on the day of discharge. Pain perception was also reduced through appropriate analgesic administration. However in certain instances patient may refuse to take pain killers due to the notion of having the possibility of side effects or associated health discomforts from consuming the analgesic medicines. Thus congruency was maintained throughout the post operative session to deal with the patients clinical condition. As part of physical therapy the physiotherapist is entitled to look after the pain mitigation strategy to ensure better recovery and improved health status. Autonomic and pain processing are found to be influenced due to deep and slow breathing techniques and hence deep breathing exercises we re recommended for the concerned patient (Busch et al., 2012). For the patient, ambulatory movement was encouraged to allow mobility and improving the range of movement (Long-Lasting Relief, 2015). Careful analysis of the situation as discussed in the preceding sections, I found that following the diagnosis of cholecystitis in the concerned patient the follow up regimes and interventions and medications applied could be better implemented and applied that might have accounted for quicker recovery and improved outcomes in the patient. I also got to know the distinction between normal abdominal pain compared to the type of pain perceived during cholecystitis. It was understood in course of the patient handling by virtue of the data obtained from relevant diagnostic procedures and routine pathological examination. In the future, I would like to take care of this fact to reduce any complication and facilitate better recovery in patient. In the post operative care ambulation was recommended to maintain mobility and relive pain in combination with breathing exercise (Dobson et al., 2014). Research proposed that exercise intervention harbored positive benefits in mitigating pain during post surgery session. In achieving the optimized results, I collaborated with the registered physiotherapist at the hospital to provide respite with the patient in a holistic manner. This was the important learning during my experience of treating the patient and it helped in bringing positive change in my skills of managing pain in critically ill patient. In course of the treatment modality carried in case of the patient, I experienced certain hands on experience and knowledge regarding the symptoms and interventions relevant to the specific situation of acute cholecystitis. The distinction between normal abdominal pain compared to the type of pain perceived during cholecystitis was understood in course of the patient handling by virtue of the data obtained from relevant diagnostic procedures and routine pathological examination. Knowledge regarding choice of medications for case appropriate situations both in pre as well as post operative surgery scenarios was acquired during the treatment regime. An interdisciplinary pain management strategy might serve to address the issue of acute pain in patients that can be studied for bringing about optimum results (Gatchel et al., 2014, Schreiber et al., 2014, Tse Ho, 2014). Therefore, for future practice a collaborative framework for pain mitigation in patients undergoing surgery can be recommended to improve patient condition and resolve the clinical conditions with utmost precision and prudence. Pain management is a crucial aspect for pain reliving in patients with complications. Interventions related to pharmacologic treatment in conjunction with non-pharmacologic techniques are utilized to alleviate the symptoms of pain. Non-pharmacologic treatment includes application of physiotherapy, psychological counseling involving cognitive behavioral therapy and biofeedback mechanisms (Macintyre Schug, 2014).Thus pain management in nursing practice should lay emphasis upon collaborating with the interdisciplinary teams to ensure better heal th outcomes in patients suffering from pain. References Allen, S. N. (2013). Gallbladder disease: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.US Pharm,38(3), 33-41. Barr, J., Fraser, G. L., Puntillo, K., Ely, E. W., Glinas, C., Dasta, J. F., Coursin, D. B. (2013). Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit.Critical care medicine,41(1), 263-306. Bourdel, N., Alves, J., Pickering, G., Ramilo, I., Roman, H., Canis, M. (2015). Systematic review of endometriosis pain assessment: how to choose a scale?.Human reproduction update,21(1), 136-152. Busch, V., Magerl, W., Kern, U., Haas, J., Hajak, G., Eichhammer, P. (2012). The effect of deep and slow breathing on pain perception, autonomic activity, and mood processingan experimental study. Pain Medicine, 13(2), 215-228. Chanques, G., Pohlman, A., Kress, J. P., Molinari, N., De Jong, A., Jaber, S., Hall, J. B. (2014).Psychometric comparison of three behavioural scales for the assessment of pain in critically ill patients unable to self-report.Critical Care,18(5), 1. Dobson, J. L., McMillan, J., Li, L. (2014).Benefits of exercise intervention in reducing neuropathic pain.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience,8. Dorflinger, L., Kerns, R. D., Auerbach, S. M. (2013).Providers' roles in enhancing patients' adherence to pain self management.Translational behavioral medicine,3(1), 39-46. Duke, G., Haas, B. K., Yarbrough, S., Northam, S. (2013).Pain management knowledge and attitudes of baccalaureate nursing students and faculty.Pain Management Nursing, 14(1), 11-19. Gatchel, R. J., McGeary, D. D., McGeary, C. A., Lippe, B. (2014). Interdisciplinary chronic pain management: past, present, and future.American Psychologist,69(2), 119. Gupta, D., Drabik, A., Chakrabortty, S. (2016). A New Nominal Scale (Yes-No-Don't Know-YNDK Scale) and Its Correlation with Standard Ordinal Scale (Numerical Rating Scale-NRS): Our Experience Among University Based Pain Clinic Patients. Hadzic, A. (2016). Textbook of regional anesthesia and acute pain management. Mcgraw-Hill Education. Husic, S., Izic, S., Matic, S., Sukalo, A. (2015).Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of tramadol and paracetamol (acetaminophen) as pain therapy within palliative medicine.Materia socio-medica,27(1), 42. Long-Lasting, P. B. T. A., Relief, P. (2015).Pain Management Pain Management. Macintyre, P. E., Schug, S. A. (2014).Acute pain management: a practical guide. CRC Press. Pag, M. G., Katz, J., Stinson, J., Isaac, L., Martin-Pichora, A. L., Campbell, F. (2012). Validation of the numerical rating scale for pain intensity and unpleasantness in pediatric acute postoperative pain: sensitivity to change over time.The Journal of Pain,13(4), 359-369. Reed, M. D., Van Nostran, W. (2014). Assessing pain intensity with the visual analog scale: a plea for uniformity. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 54(3), 241-244. Rodriguez, L. (2015). Pathophysiology of pain: Implications for perioperative nursing.AORN journal,101(3), 338-344. Schreiber, J. A., Cantrell, D., Moe, K. A., Hench, J., McKinney, E., Lewis, C. P., Brockopp, D. (2014). Improving knowledge, assessment, and attitudes related to pain management: Evaluation of an intervention. Pain Management Nursing, 15(2), 474-481. Stang, A. S., Hartling, L., Fera, C., Johnson, D., Ali, S. (2014). Quality indicators for the assessment and management of pain in the emergency department: a systematic review. Pain Research and Management, 19(6), e179-e190. Stankovi?, N., Valerjev, P. (2014).Psychology of pain.InTre?isarajevskidanipsihologije. Tse, M. M. Y., Ho, S. S. (2014). Enhancing knowledge and attitudes in pain management: A pain management education program for nursing home staff.Pain Management Nursing, 15(1), 2-11. Voshall, B., Dunn, K. S., Shelestak, D. (2013).Knowledge and attitudes of pain management among nursing faculty.Pain Management Nursing, 14(4), e226-e235. Wiech, K. (2016). Deconstructing the sensation of pain: The influence of cognitive processes on pain perception. Science, 354(6312), 584-587.

Roman Soldier Essays - Military Of Ancient Rome, Centurion

Roman Soldier A. Joining the Army - Qualifications if any - Pay or benefits received - Initial training no boot camp in those days - Soldiers oath (page 6 Legionary book) B. Life at the Fort - Accommodations - Food - Showers bathrooms -Free time - No weekends off but had all religious holidays off - Religion - Temple of Mithras, he was most of the soldiers god, You had to pass 7 tests of skill to become of full Mithras brotherhood C. Duties - Sentry duty - Cooking / Cleaning - Working (pg. 16 Legionary book) - Built roads\bridges - Made tiles for public buildings - Built aqueducts - Drained marshes to build new forts on - Quarry, stones for buildings etc. - Polished iron armor and weaponry - Sweeping - Only a select few got out of bad jobs and they were clerks, cobblers, smiths D. The Centurion - Was the boss of all the soldiers who worked - Dress was much more elaborate - Carried a vine wood stick - was a badge of honor also used as a whip for disobedient soldiers - Professional\Officers -Were harsh taskmasters - Punishments - petty such as being late would be to make the soldier look like a fool and make them stand outside w/o weapons or armor to show he is not worthy to be a soldier - serious crime such as sleeping on guard or deserting resulted in flogging, rank lowered. At the time of war the penalty was death - If a unit disgraced itself in battle it might be "decimated" - 1 in 10 selected to be clubbed or stoned to death by the rest of the army - Decimation was stopped after Emperor Trajan ruled E. Family Life - Forbidden to marry - That was not strictly enforced - Was not unusual to keep wife and children in nearby homes F. Pay - Pay was low - Deductions were taken out for worn out gear, bedding food, boots, clothes etc. - Often got a bonus in pay to celebrate an important event (annual) I wanted to join the Roman Army ever since I was a young boy playing in the fields of my home in (NAME A TOWN OR CITY RELATED TO ROME HERE). My father was a legionaire in the Roman Army for 25 years. It was my goal in life to follow in his footsteps. The hard part of being a Legionaire in the Roman Army was not becoming a soldier. To become a soldier you jsut had to be somewhat physically fit and be at least 5 feet 8 inches tall. The pay for being a legionaire was also not all that attractive to me. I got paid 250(DOLLARS, PESOS, FRANCS) per month. There were many deductions taken out of that 250 that I did not like. Roughly 10 for my bedding, 80 for food and 60 for clothes. So after all those deductions I was not left with all that much. The signifer kept track of all my money and savings I had. When I first became a legionary there was no inital training or boot camp to become an official soldier. I just showed up and was given my equipment and instructed on where to go and what to do. I was given a few questions to make sure I was a genuine citizen before I could take the Soldiers Oath. After the oath I was given 4 motnhs bonus pay which was very nice and then instructed on which century I was to report to. A century is an 80 man company. Six centuries made a cohort and ten cohorts made up a legion. Living inside the fort was not all that bad. I was fed very well and my living quarters were quite fitting to me. The food I ate varied quite often. It all depended on what the men in teh auxillary killed while hunting. Most often it was buffalo which I have liked since I was a child. We all showered in a big open area made of concrete. We showered about once per week on average. The bathrooms were a large room with two long rows of benches on each side. It was a punishment if you were assigned to clean the bathroom. One of the things I did not like about living at the fort was that I got very little free time to myself. I worked from sunrise to sunset each day with

hitlers rise to power5 essays

hitlers rise to power5 essays On 30th January 1933, Hindenburg received Hitler in audience and appointed him chancellor. It came as a shock to some people but many believed that Hitlers rise to power was inevitable. Some state that Hitler could not have risen to power in any country other than Germany, implying that he was nothing more than a product of German culture. Others say that Hitler rose to power by means of his political genius. And yet still others claim that it was the weak democratic government of the Weimar Republic, and Germanys social and economic scene in the 1930s that made the people restless and ready for a dictator to come to power. There was no single reason for Hitlers rise to power. However the main reasons were that the political and economic chaos of the 1920s and the 1930s joined forces with German culture that enabled Hitler to rise to power. Both play an equal part. Together, both created a unique situation for Hitlers rise. Hitler was in part a product of German culture. German culture at the time stood out as particularly aggressive and racist. The values and ideas found in this cultures history inspired Hitler to do many things that he did and can explain in part why he felt the way he did on certain issues. For example there were talks of the master race in the past history of Germany by the German philosophers, which might have given Hitler his ideas on the Aryan race. Many people believe that German culture is by nature racist, militaristic, and anti-Semitic. Germany was an opportune place for Hitler to come to power. German people, feeling confused by the social and economic chaos of the 1920s an d 1930s could do nothing but gravitate towards someone like Hitler. Hitler had answers for everyones problems. He promised to restore order and greatness. And many people accepted Hitler with open arms. Which was partly due to poor alternatives and due to the fact tha...

Instance Variables in Ruby

Instance Variables in Ruby Instance variables begin with an at sign () and can be referenced only within class methods. They differ from local variables in that they dont exist within any particular scope. Instead, a similar variable table is stored for each instance of a class. Instance variables live within a class instance, so as long as that instance stays alive, so will the instance variables. Instance variables can be referenced in any method of that class. All methods of a class use the same instance variable table, as opposed to local variables where each method will have a different variable table. It is possible to access instance variables without first defining them, however. This will not raise an exception, but the variables value will be nil and a warning will be issued if youve run Ruby with the -w switch. This example demonstrates the use of instance variables. Note that the shebang contains the -w switch, which will print warnings should they occur. Also, note the incorrect usage outside of a method in the class scope. This is incorrect and discussed below. #!/usr/bin/env ruby -wclass TestClass # Incorrect! test monkey def initialize value 1337 end def print_value # OK puts value end def uninitialized # Technically OK, generates warning puts monkey endendt TestClass.newt.print_valuet.uninitialized Why is the test variable incorrect? This has to do with scope and how Ruby implements things. Within a method, the instance variable scope refers to the particular instance of that class. However, in the class scope (inside the class, but outside of any methods), the scope is the class instance scope. Ruby implements the class hierarchy by instantiating Class objects, so there is a second instance at play here. The first instance is an instance of the Class class, and this is where test will go. The second instance is the instantiation of TestClass, and this is where value will go. This gets a bit confusing, but just remember to never use instance_variables outside of methods. If you need class-wide storage, use class_variables, which can be used anywhere in the class scope (inside or outside of methods) and will behave the same. Accessors You normally cannot access instance variables from outside of an object. For instance, in the above example, you cannot simply call t.value or t.value to access the instance variable value. This would break the rules of encapsulation. This also applies to instances of child classes, they cannot access instance variables belonging to the parent class even though theyre technically the same type. So, in order to provide access to instance variables, accessor methods must be declared. The following example demonstrates how accessor methods can be written. However, note that Ruby provides a shortcut and that this example only exists to show you how the accessor methods work. Its generally not common to see accessor methods written in this way unless some sort of additional logic is needed for the accessor. #!/usr/bin/env rubyclass Student def initialize(name,age) name, age name, age end # Name reader, assume name cant change def name name end # Age reader and writer def age age end def age(age) age age endendalice Student.new(Alice, 17)# Its Alices birthdayalice.age 1puts Happy birthday #{alice.name}, \youre now #{alice.age} years old! The shortcuts make things a bit easier and more compact. There are three of these helper methods. They must be run in the class scope (inside the class but outside of any methods), and will dynamically define methods much like the methods defined in the above example. Theres no magic going on here, and they look like language keywords, but they really are just dynamically defining methods. Also, these accessors typically go at the top of the class. That gives the reader an instant overview of which member variables will be available outside the class or to child classes. There are three of these accessor methods. They each take a list of symbols describing the instance variables to be accessed. attr_reader - Define reader methods, such as the name method in the above example.attr_writer - Define writer methods such as the age method in the above example.attr_accessor - Define both reader and writer methods. #!/usr/bin/env rubyclass Student attr_reader :name attr_accessor :age def initialize(name,age) name, age name, age endendalice Student.new(Alice, 17)# Its Alices birthdayalice.age 1puts Happy birthday #{alice.name}, \youre now #{alice.age} years old! When to use Instance Variables Now that you know what instance variables are, when do you use them? Instance variables should be used when they represent the state of the object. A students name and age, their grades, etc. They shouldnt be used for temporary storage, thats what local variables are for. However, they could possibly be used for temporary storage between method calls for multi-stage computations. However if youre doing this, you may want to rethink your method composition and make these variables into method parameters instead.

Criminal Justice Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice Today - Essay Example Two most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal The two most common models used by the society in determining which acts are criminal are the consensus model and the conflict model. The consensus model holds that each of the component parts of the criminal justice system works towards a common goal and that the movement of people and cases through the system is good due to corporation between different components of the system. From these, the society is able to establish what actions are criminal in nature. The conflict model on the other hand, holds that the interest of the criminal justice agencies strives towards making actors within the system serving them. This is a good model used by the society for determining which acts constitute a crime (Schmalleger, 2011). The government structure as it applies to the criminal justice system. The government structure consists of the legislative, executive and judicial system. The legislative arm makes the laws whi ch are applied by the judiciary in administering the criminal justice to the people. ... Sociological theory holds that the society is the one to blame for criminal acts witnessed in the world today. Physiological theory, on the other hand, holds that the personality of an individual is what leads him or her to commit a crime. Psychobiological holds that crime is a result of an individual’s DNA and trauma to the brain. Social-psychological, on the other hand, believes that a person’s way of life and lack of direction are what lead them to criminal like activities, while biological theory holds that an individual commits crime due the evolutionary stages that he or she passes through (Schmalleger, 2011). The components of the criminal justice system and the criminal justice process The criminal justice system consists of three main components: the police, criminal courts and the correction agencies. These criminal justice systems are established mainly because crimes have no boundary. As such, the government makes laws and the police are meant to enforce the se laws, apprehend offenders and investigate crimes. Criminal courts, on the other hand, conduct trials, ensuring due process in the administration of justice by determining the innocence or guilt of the accused person. The main reason why criminal courts trials were designed was to aid in reviewing of all evidence before the accused person can be declared guilty or innocent. The work of the correctional agencies is to carry out the rulings given by the courts, reforms, rehabilitate and reintegrate the convicted criminals back into the society (Schmalleger, 2011). The three components are supposed to work in unison as they abate criminal activities and maintain normality in the society and the world at large. It is noted that each of

Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Nursing - Assignment Example Alternatively, the implementation plan must fit in the expected standard that takes care of smooth technological integration, institutional organizational compatibility, transition management, flexibility, knowledge, and software solution. Assessing the status of the application of the EMR at Betsy Johnson Regional Hospital for its relevance in terms of learning outcomes, there are several missing items for a standard model. On one hand, the time used to put together the EMR design is just six months which could implicate the rest of the system implementation. On the other hand, internal expertise was entirely applied in the completion which poses questions on the competitiveness of the final product. It could have taken a better direction if an assessment was conducted to reveal cost benefit analysis position interrogating outsourcing alternatives. In this respect, only EMR software is reported to have involved a vendor from outside the hospital, with unclear role and connection o the set team. Internal design issues however may have prompted the use of internal resources and expertise to the advantage of the institution. Relevance and completeness can therefore be assessed on the generation of resources and competen ce applied amid successes elsewhere in the generation of the best possible product. Apparently, the most talked about constraint in any information system such as EMR involves financial inadequacy by the implementing institution. Once the funding obstacle is overcome at some level however, the most potent challenge is usually the integration into the existing system as well as the acceptability with which the human resource adopts the new system (Blumenthal and Glaser, 2007). At Betsy Johnson Regional Hospital, the system challenge of implementation and possible resistance of the sudden change is not highlighted. Whereas approval or rejection may not necessarily be a measure of

English literature controlled assessment Essay Example for Free

English literature controlled assessment Essay Many plays and poems are concerned with the relationship between parents and their children. Choose a situation where this issue is considered in a Shakespeare play and link it with poetry where there is a similar situation. Refer closely to the texts in your answer to support your views. Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare’s most iconic plays. The sad tale of the two star-crossed lovers was written in Elizabethan times and because of this features families a lot different from that of today. Elizabethan families ran very differently from that that goes on in our own home sweet homes. Elizabethan children were considered their parents property and must obey whatever their parents said; this was usually the father as women in the past would also have to follow the strict rules of their husbands. As well as that, children, in rich families, were often forced to marry whom they were instructed to; primarily for money. The ideas of family feature heavily in Romeo and Juliet and in this assessment I will explore said ideas in depth. In Act One, Scene Two Lord Capulet, Juliet’s father, is consulting Paris after he asked for Juliet’s hand in marriage. Capulet believes that his daughter is too young to marry. Capulet says ‘An she agree, within her scope of choice lies my consent and fair according voice’ he is saying that Paris has his approval but it is up to Juliet to make the final decision. The way Capulet handles the situation with Paris shows the love and kindness he feels for his daughter. Capulet allows Juliet to decide if she wants to marry this man. This wouldn’t have happened very often in Elizabethan times as the richer families often married for wealth not love and here Capulet is asking, not telling, Juliet to marry this wealthy man. He doesn’t treat her as a piece of furniture and wants her to be happy with the person she marries, ‘She is the hopeful lady of my earth’ Capulet has lost his previous children and only wants the best for his only daughter. Then, in Act Three, Scene Four, Capulet arranges Juliet’s and Paris’ wedding saying ‘she shall be married to this noble earl’. Capulet arranges this marriage without his daughters consent because he believes it will help to  bring his daughter out of her depressive state, which he thinks is caused by the death of her cousin Tybalt but in reality it’s because of Romeo being exiled from Verona. The sentence Capulet says shows how kind he is to his daughter; Capulet could have chosen the wealthiest man he could get his hands on, however he chooses a ‘noble’ suitor for his daughter to marry. This once again shows that Capulet doesn’t want to use his daughter for money and actually wants his daughter to be happy with the one she marries. So far Capulet has been presented as the figure head of the perfect father, given the Elizabethan era, however there is a moment when his attitude towards his daughter changes. In Act Three, Scene Five Capulet has just been informed by his wife that Juliet has refused to marry Paris. Capulet then responds with ‘Is she not proud? Doth she not count her blest?’ Capulet then goes on to tell her that he will throw her out and never look upon her again. Now, Capulet’s exclamation could be seen by many to be harsh and unfair, however, given the era the play was written children did as their parents instructed and never had anything else to say on the matter. Capulet asks several questions one after another not waiting for an answer, this suggests that he is panicking and has no idea how he is meant to handle this; this could very well likely be the first time his daughter has defied him. So, given the plays era, Capulet’s outrage is completely understandable, he is shocked, panicked and appalled at Juliet’s behaviour as children never defied their parents, particularly their fathers. Now I shall move onto the topic of Juliet’s mother, Lady Capulet. In Act One, Scene Three Lady Capulet opens the scene with ‘Nurse where’s my daughter? Call her forth to me’. The way Lady Capulet refers to Juliet as her daughter in this way almost sounds as if she is calling Juliet some sort of object; it’s almost like Lady Capulet is asking the Nurse to bring her a pair of shoes she misplaced. She doesn’t speak as if she loves her daughter at all, if she did she might have said something like â€Å"Nurse where is Juliet? Could you ask her to come to me?† The fact that she doesn’t speak to her in this way highlights further how the relationships between parent and child worked in Shakespearian times; parents did treat their children as objects. The third scene in Act One focuses heavily on Juliet’s relationship with both her mother and the Nurse. In this scene Lady Capulet refers to Juliet as ‘daughter’ and Juliet to her as ‘madam’. This does show how Elizabethan children had to talk to their parents but the strict formality of how they talk to one another suggests that there is no mother-daughter relationship. They don’t refer to each other as â€Å"mother† or â€Å"Juliet†. However, as I said before, this could be down to how children had to speak and act toward their parents in Shakespearian times, however I believe it comes down to the lack of relationship between the two and my next point elaborates this further. When Juliet arrives Lady Capulet instructs the Nurse to leave them alone allowing them to talk in privacy. Lady Capulet then suddenly asks for the Nurse to come back saying ‘I have remembered me. Thou’s hear our counsel’. When Lady Capulet is faced alone with her daughter she becomes apparent to the fact that she has no idea how to talk to her daughter and needs the Nurse to help her communicate with Juliet. The fact that Lady Capulet needed the Nurse to help her talk to her daughter this time suggests that this is something that could have occurred in the past meaning that Lady Capulet has never had a conversation with Juliet without an audience to help her, which is in no way a healthy relationship between mother and daughter. The reason Juliet finds it easier to talk to her Nurse is because she was the one that breastfed and raised Juliet as she was hired to be her wet nurse. Elizabethan women were often employed by richer families to raise and wean their babies for them, this profession was known as a wet nurse. In conclusion, Shakespeare used the topic of parent-child relationships heavily in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare’s goal that he set out to do was to educate the Elizabethan and modern eras that the way things were, were wrong. The star-crossed lovers were destined to die as a way to show that the way parents were treating their children as objects was ultimately going to end in despair; if not for their children then for themselves. The Montague’s and Capulet’s lost their children because of the way they had been treated and I believe Shakespeare wanted his audiences, then and into the far future, to reconsider how they are treating their own children. In this next part of the controlled assessment I will analyse and discuss different poems with the themes of parent-child relationships and then link certain points back to the themes present in Romeo and Juliet. The first poem we studied was ‘Catrin’ by Gillian Clarke; a poem dedicated to her own daughter Catrin. The poem shows the development of mother daughter relationships primarily at birth and during the teenage rebellious period of her life. A theme used throughout the poem is this theme of a ‘tight red rope of love’. This is mentioned or suggested at several points throughout the poem and refers to the umbilical cord. The rope reminds me of a game of ‘tug of war’ a game that crowns a winner, however I believe that this battle is continuing even into Catrin’s teenage years, she is still pushing away, the theme of conflict is present throughout. The first stanza also mentions an ‘environmental blank’ this suggests that the mother is blocking out everything around her and all of her attention is focused on the baby and getting it out; this could show that Catrin’s mother is trying her absolute hardest to get her baby out so that they can begin their lives separately. Clarke also writes ‘I wrote all over the walls with my words’, she isn’t physically getting up and painting the walls with a can of Dulex, she is instead splattering the walls with her own and the baby’s screams and shouts as they fight for freedom. ‘Clean squares’ could be the clean and sterile environment of the hospital or it could be a blank canvas ready to be painted with the memories and conflicts of their relationship to come. Clarke then goes on to write ‘tender circles’ which I believe is the mouths of the mother and child, sore and hoarse from all the screaming and crying both parties have suffered through. Throughout the poem, in between the whole conflict, words such as ‘tender’ and ‘love’ are thrown into the mix contradicting the theme of conflict which is to do with violence and anger. The loving and caring words that are used, I believe, is how Clarke is portraying parent-child relationships. I believe she is trying to say that it is a conflict and it is a struggle, but in between all of the fights and battles are the loving moments parents and children share and that these moments should be held dear. The next poem we studied was ‘Follower’ by Seamus Heaney. Unlike ‘Catrin’ this poem focuses on a father-son relationship. The poem is about a son who’s admiration and respect for his farm-working father runs deep, he aspires to one day be in his father’s position and be just as talented as him, however he always seams to fall behind and in the last stanza he does this and it is now his father following him. The first three stanza’s focus heavily on the father’s skill and expertise, the fact that it took three stanza’s shows just how much he admires his father, it’s almost as if he just can’t be keep quite until everyone knows how amazing his father is. In the second stanza Heaney writes ‘an expert’, this fully shows his admiration towards his father and anyone that doesn’t agree with him is wrong. ‘Single pluck’, ‘exactly’ and ‘polished’ are used and show that the son believes that his father is perfect and has no flaws. Heaney used the word ‘sod’ which is a part of a farmer’s lingo; using this shows that Heaney spent so much time around his father, following him, that he picked up his speech and understands fluently things that working-class people wouldn’t understand. He references boats when he writes ‘dipping and rising in his plod’, the boats could be referencing his fathers strength and determination to reach is goals. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=,o=0;o e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return studymoose.com},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf(http)==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

Brown vs. Board of Education Art Exhibit :: Art Museum Exhibit Segregation

Black and White Walking into Krannert Art Museum, I experienced something I have never experienced before. That something was actually analyzing and appreciating artwork. I have been around artwork before and have looked at many times and I have enjoyed it but I have never really sat down with art to break it down and notice the little details that make it so powerful. Today I did at Krannert Art Museum while looking at their Brown vs. Board exhibit. I was able to break everything down and notice the details and by doing this I got a much more influential experience out of it. At first glance it is the colors in the room that jump out at you and draws your attention most but after really looking around you see the colorfulness isn’t the what the artist wants to attract your attention but instead on all of the black and white all over the room which fits perfectly with the idea the exhibit is trying to get across. This idea is that blacks and whites are equal and together, as Americans, they are much more powerful then when they stand apart as whites and blacks. As soon as I walked into the exhibit I noticed it had kind of an eerie aura to it. The lights were dim and there was a peculiar silence that was only interrupted about every ten seconds or so by a low, almost electronic sounding, humming coming from one of the distant rooms. Also, every so often the lights would flicker a little and between that, and the movie that was playing on the side wall switching between clips, it gave the room a very sporadic supernatural atmosphere. I walked into the two different rooms and two things caught my eye. The brightly colored flowers and people wallpaper on the left side of the first room, and the huge colored picture of Brett Charles Cook, on the left side of the second room. I noticed that this huge portrait was done using mostly blue and orange paint, which may have been a way for the artists to get the students there to connect with the painting or just to catch their attention.

Families Growing Weak in America Essay

Higher divorce rates directly contributes to the breaking down of the family structure identifying that families are growing weaker in the United States. It is tremendously essential for family members to remain together in order to maintain a strong family unit where each individual in the home is able to prosper and develop into a more solid and successful person contributing to a stronger America. Patrick Fagan and Robert Rector, explain the negative effects of divorce on our families in America when they tell us that, (2000, Fagan, Rector) â€Å"As social scientists track successive generations of American children whose parents have ended their marriages, the data are leading even some once-staunch supporters to conclude that divorce is hurting American society and devastating children’s lives. † Not only does divorce affect each individual in the family when the separation of the family occurs but it continues to devastate those same lives later in their personal lives and in their careers later in life, contributing to the breaking down of families and causing an even weaker America. We also learn from Fagan and Rector that According to data reported in 1994 by Mary Corcoran, professor of political science at the University of Michigan, â€Å"During the years children lived with two parents, their family incomes averaged $43,600, and when these same children lived with one parent, their family incomes averaged $25,300. † It is fair to assume that families are growing weaker in our country and in to establish a more concrete and stronger family unit, it is extremely crucial that families work harder at staying together in order for the family to be more successful and grow from a weaker family in our country to a stronger one. For children to grow up to be more successful, parents must strive to build a stronger household by taking all necessary means to keep their family together as one. Dr. Scott Haltzman tells us that (2007, Haltzman, DiGeronimo)â€Å"Overall, children living with their own married parents have fewer behavioral problems compared to children whose parents are living together but not married. Differences in the area of physical health also exist. Young children in single-parent families are less healthy overall than are children in all other family types. † Children from broken homes need extra medical care because of this weakening of the family structure. It is never too late to start building stronger families and working toward improvement in America. There is outside help being offered to families who feel they may need therapy or other means of help to keep their family together. (1985, Stinnent, DeFrain) Nick Stennett and John DeFrain explain that we can get help and tells us about community services that may be beneficial. He tells us that â€Å"Many children and families are resilient, but in these complex times, sometimes they need a little assistance in overcoming the obstacles in their lives. † Reference Page Fagan, Patrick; Rector, Robert. 2000. The Effects of Divorce on America. The World and I. Haltzman, Scott; DiGeronimo. 2007. The Secrets of Happily Married Men. Jossey and Bass. Stinnett, Nick; Defrain, John. 1985. Secrets of Strong Families. Berkley Books

Humans vs. Animals on Life and Death

The Death of the Moth by Virginia Woolf described how a life of a moth could be so fragile that like humans and other animals do, the moth also struggled to fight death. She compared how the moth lived its life compared to humans and other animals as well. That even if the moth seems nothing and worthless, its resistance to death is evident. In other words, the significance of death is not only limited to human beings. Animals may not think like humans do, but they are also living and gives effort to live life to the fullest. Animals may not live life like us human beings, but like us, they also have a purpose in living.I believe that all human beings are artists because their lives are creative productions. The basic materials of each person’s artistry are many and varied, for they depend on each person’s uniqueness. One’s basic materials, however, not only include the elements of life, nit also those of death with all its various ramifications, as books, articl es, symposia and discussions open people’s context of death awareness, the question must be asked how much an awareness can help human beings create beautiful lives. This brings us to this question, is the moth aware of its upcoming death. Life and death to all living things is apparent.How long would it take is unknown. When the body dies, there is nothing that remains that can survive. This is a belief that prevents any solution to existential vicissitudes being projected to another life. It asks of each human being the courage to face life’s problems in the here and now, the courage to supply necessary answers and remedies. Happiness is one’s own making not in any heaven â€Å"above the bright blue sky† (to use the words of an old hymn for children). Only God knows the answer to the problems of innocent suffering and that rewards are in heaven for those who tow the party line are seen as an evasion of facing life itself.We must then, I should say, enjo y and value our lives the happiest as we can make it. As Woolf’s story went on, when she sees the moth is turned on its back, she reaches out a pencil to turn it over again, but then she lays the pencil down. This is the realization that even if we try helping other people to fight for life, they already made their own battle against it so we just have to leave it as it is. Woolf obviously tackled the resemblance between the moth’s struggles and the human condition in facing life. We may see it different at large, but with the little and worthless moth’s death, it was very perceptible.

Lenovo’s Promotional Information Essay Essay Example

Lenovo’s Promotional Information Essay Essay Example Lenovo’s Promotional Information Essay Essay Lenovo’s Promotional Information Essay Essay To make a trade name is a hard and expensive undertaking but to construct a trade name with world-wide influence is even more hard and is frequently associated with immense hazards. Research shows that merely 25 % of new products/brands generate more than $ 7. 5 million in gross revenues in their first few old ages and even fewer are able to bring forth adequate gross to maintain them on market for long. Lenovo continues to construct trade name consciousness through aggressive selling and new merchandise publicities. Lenovo uses this promotional mix to strategically perforate new markets worldwide every bit good as to prolong its place as a planetary leader and to go on growing over the long term. Investing in trade name consciousness through Lenovo’s recent â€Å"For Those Who Do† promotional run has proven fruitful. assisting the company set up a bridgehead in the U. S. market among the top five Personal computer sellers. Lenovo is puting sharply in new merchandises s uch as Ultrabooks and all-in-one Personal computers. leting it to quickly accommodate to alterations in the market place and to systematically run into the ever-changing demands of its client base. Promotion and IMCPromotion is an of import and built-in portion of selling procedure. To be successful. a manufacturer must non merely offer a good merchandise at a sensible monetary value but besides inform possible clients about the merchandise and where they can purchase it. The overall scope of tactics available to a manufacturer is known as the ‘promotional mix’ and comprises of advertisement. gross revenues publicity. promotion. sponsorship. direct selling. cyberspace selling and personal merchandising. In add-on to these cardinal promotional tools. its selling squad besides relies on other techniques. such as exhibitions and merchandise arrangement in films. vocals or picture games. which have gained in popularity in recent old ages. The promotional mix used by Lenovo is aligned with the determinations made with respect to merchandise. pricing and distribution and different promotional methods that handle different parts of the occupation. Determining to intermix these together is a scheme determination that should be kept consistent to pass on its bene?ts to a mark market. Lenovo’s uses a assortment of techniques to efficaciously pass on its merchandises to its mark market. Their publicities come in the signifier of vouchers. instant nest eggs. and on-line discounts. Lenovo is informing. persuading and reminding clients of their merchandises and educating them in make up ones minding on their available picks. Lenovo continues to construct consumer involvement which helps construct favourable feelings of the company and its merchandises. Subject and Positioning Statement The positioning subject of Lenovo is â€Å"We are for those who do. † Lenovo’s mission is to convey low-cost advanced merchandises for its clients. Lenovo’s vision clearly states â€Å"We are now one company with one end: To construct the best. most advanced merchandises in the universe. To utilize first economic systems to set new and better engineering in the custodies of more people. by introducing on cost the same manner we innovate on engineering. To concentrate our energy and our committedness on the success and trust of our clients. † Though a batch has changed in the recent old ages. nevertheless. Lenovo has ever remained true to its mission statement. Promotion BlendLenovo is increasing its trade name consciousness by runing. including societal media. design. branded content. retail experience. event and strategic battle and partnerships. The company sponsored the one-year HopSotch independent music fest. and was a tech spouse with â€Å"Transformers 3† and even showed up at Fashion Week in New York with interior decorator partnerships and the Lenovo Lounge. In the U. S. . the run kicked off with a 60-second Television topographic point that laid out their â€Å"do† subject. while smaller. subsequent runs focused on particulars such as its rapid boot engineering. In one advertizement. Lenovo throws a Personal computer out of an aeroplane and it must â€Å"save itself† by booting up rapidly and deploying a parachute. SalespersonIn today’s fast paced universe. where the electronic and print media are holding immense influence on everybody’s life. a merchandise or service can non last without proper publicity. Personal merchandising is an highly of import portion of this promotional mix. Gross saless are divided into three chief undertakings: order-getting. order-taking and back uping. Depending upon the state of affairs a salesman can execute all these responsibilities. A good sales representative should be knowing about the merchandises and its competitory environment. In manystate of affairss salesman can besides reply inquiries about what publicity should be directed toward the concluding consumer. Lenovo’s salespeople handle most of the of import communicating with jobbers and retail merchants. Additionally. Lenovo uses sale publicities non merely to concentrate on best net income potency but besides to give itself a competitory advantage in the market. A good client servi ce non merely builds trade name trueness but besides acts as a publicity because frequently satisfied clients portion their experience with their friends and household. Therefore. constructing a long term relationship and trust with its client base is really of import portion of merchandise merchandising. Gross saless Promotions for Channel Members/Customers/Employees Promotions are of import portion for any selling run. as it straight influences clients. In order to be effectual a publicity should be able to carry. inform and remind its client base of the benefits of its marketed merchandise. Lenovo utilizations publicities to actuate employees to supply better client service or accomplish higher gross revenues. Lenovo has a particular birthday wagess plan and each employee is emailed on the 1st twenty-four hours of the month prior to their birthday thanking them for their part to the success of the concern and inquiring them to log onto Lenovo’s branded website utilizing their alone user name and watchword to order their gift online. Recently. Lenovo besides shared a $ 3 million fillip that they received of increasing success with its junior-level employees. Lenovo awarded CEVA Logistics. one of the world’s taking supply concatenation companies its Innovation and Operations Excellence award for the 2nd twelvemonth in a row in North America. This award recognized CEVA’s attempts around cargo consolidating and optimising transit ensuing in significant cost nest eggs. Lenovo besides has twelvemonth about on-line publicities available for its clients. Push and Pull StrategyLenovo distributes with push scheme that involves selling into channel mediators like big retail merchants. jobbers and it is besides reliant on personal merchandising and trade publicities. Its promotional attempts like personal merchandising. advertisement and gross revenues publicity helps sell the whole selling mix to its channel members. Lenovo besides distributes utilizing a pull scheme which relies on client demands that pulls the merchandise through thechannel. Lenovo’s uses both push and draw scheme in combination to advance its merchandises to big concern clients every bit good as to single concluding consumers. Lenovo’s extremely aggressive publicity to concluding consumers utilizing vouchers or samples. physiques consumer involvement and assist them accomplish higher gross revenues of their merchandises. Its enlightening and synergistic web site includes client reappraisals and picture presentations that help clients construct favourabl e feelings of the company and its merchandises. Recent Positive PromotionLenovo continues to stand out in the Personal computer market and its merchandises has achieved highest acknowledgment among both its equals and clients. Recently Lenovo received 16 awards and awards foregrounding its trade name invention. design and versatility in the Personal computer industry at Top Industry Awards at 2012 International Consumer Electronics Show. Additionally. Lenovo relies extensively on fund-raising to come in into new markets and market new merchandises. Eedoo Technology. the picture bet oning unit that is associated with Lenovo Group has raised 10s of 1000000s of dollars. Their gaming merchandise. Ebox comes with 30 games built in and a set-top camera that can observe a player’s motions. harmonizing to the article. With this joint venture with a Chinese company. Lenovo non merely hope to tap into Eedoo bing web within China but besides hope that by including the games in the system they can cut down on the rampant buccaneering t hat is prevailing in the picture game concern in China. Synergistic MediaIn order to be successful in towards extremely competitory environment latest selling tendencies and methods of communications are cardinal to successful publicity schemes. Recently. Lenovo implemented a YouTube scheme. they created a competition called ‘Seize The Night. ’ inquiring 15 finalists to make an alternate stoping to the undermentioned picture with the victor determined by most positions. One of the contestants. Joshua. organized and filmed a monolithic rhythm drive in London utilizing a Lenovo laptop. Having 100s of bicyclers. the picture has rapidly taken off. traveling viral and distributing the Lenovo trade name for free. This run has been really successful to Lenovo as it gained 100s and 1000s of YouTube positions and followings without making any selling on its ain. In add-on. it is relativelycheap and additions a much higher return on investing. Their YouTube run was highly successful and has now become a must read instance for all concern people. Here is the nexus to the picture: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? annotation_id=annotation_119513 A ; feature=iv A ; src_vid=xGtBPlPqIFQ A ; v=OoXr6sQlaRk and the reacting picture by the contestant Joshua is following: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=xGtBPlPqIFQ A ; feature=player_embedded # ! MentionsLenovo Reveals ThinkPad X1 Carbon. Shakes Up Ultrabook Market Lenovo Reveals ThinkPad X1 Carbon. Shakes Up Ultrabook Market hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=KdZNUxPiwMs hypertext transfer protocol: //wraltechwire. com/business/tech_wire/news/story/11335630/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. cevalogistics. com/en-AU/aboutus/newsmedia/mediareleases/Pages/release_19_july_2012. aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www. partnerinfo. lenovo. com/partners/br/pt/entitled/LENOVO % 20COOKBOOK_V1. 5_FINAL. pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //news. lenovo. com/article_display. cfm? article_id=1557 hypertext transfer protocol: //www. businesswire. com/news/home/20120113005747/en/Lenovo-Receives-Top-Industry-Awards-2012-International hypertext transfer protocol: //www. lenovo. com/social_responsibility/us/en/Lenovo_CSR_Fast_Facts. pdf

FAMILIAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY Essays

FAMILIAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY Essays FAMILIAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY Essay FAMILIAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY Essay FAMILIAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY Scope Nature of the Problem The children population currently struggling with obesity has massively expanded, representing a huge health care burden both at present and in the future. The extent of the epidemic is worsened because it is a critical risk factor for other diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, cancer and diabetes. Upwards of 17% of adolescents and children in the United States, suffer from obesity, representing more than 12.5 million patients (World Health Organization, 2012). These represents a near 300% increase in the levels since 1980, with considerable ethnic and racial disparities in the prevalence rates, with male Hispanics and non-Hispanic black girls being the worst affected population groups. Similar trends are evident elsewhere in the world, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that upwards 40 million children across the world are either overweight or obese. : Research Hypothesis Family behaviors and attitudes are important in whether or not children become overweight or obese Justification There is a growing body of theoretical, scientific evidence indicating that children assimilate their family and parents health philosophies. They engage in activities and eat foods that their families allow, encourage or provide them with, and refrain from those that are forbidden. This influence of families and parents on childrens eating and exercise habits is critical in the development of disease, while at once building lasting habits that prevent or predispose them to obesity or high body weight (Austin, 2011). With the establishment of empirical evidence to back up the theoretical models, this research findings will help to create and impetus for the development better parental attitudes and skills, which will ultimately lead to the reduction of theoverall disease burden and the overall health care costs facing populations and governments. Potential family-based interventions/treatments can be developed with the establishment of firm evidence of family environments on the poss ibility of obesity development. In addition, if the research hypothesis can lead to the prevention of incidental diseases associated with childhood obesity, while at once boosting the productivity of the future generations. Methodology The research design will use both secondary and primary data. The secondary data would comprise of peer-reviewed journal and book sources on childhood obesity causes, preventive methods and the possible predisposition of children due to familial factors (Austin, 2011). The primary data would be obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 400 children aged between 6 and 13. The sample would comprise (i) 100 Hispanics (ii) 100 Blacks (iii) 100 Whites and (iv) Minority groups. Half of the respondents must be (i) obese (ii) overweight. The research staff would go to schools and hospitals, and request parents and the children to participate in the study. As many as 700 possible participants would be selected, from whom a random sample of 450 would be selected to participate in the study. Respondents would complete research questionnaires sent by post, email or by telephone interviews based on the questionnaire, with information includingtheir diet, eating habits, parental attitudes towards eating and exercise, knowledge of obesity and the number of times that food is cooked in the home (Kothari, 2009). Others would include the children body mass index, maternal depression, family functioning and self-esteem etc. Once questionnaires are completed, they will be checked for completeness and correctness, before the final random sample of 400 is selected for coding, and analysis. Data would be analyzed by a specialized statistical computer software, SPSS and varied reports would be provided. Initial Findings The causes of obesity, a non-communicable and perfectly preventable disease, are well known and include excessive intake of high energy and sugar foods, low vegetables intake and lack adequate physical activity. Genetic predisposition, family demographics, parenting practices, increasing sedentary lifestyles due to computer use and television viewing etc, increasing consumerism and hectic family schedules have equally been identified as (Delahanty, et al., 2012). Other causal factors include the emergence of the fast foods industry, which is almost solely responsible for the rise in high-fat foods across the world.It is however evident that proper parenting and control can limit these risk factors, effectively making the heightened rates of obesity a direct consequence of the failure in parenting (Austin, 2011). According to the ecosystems model, the relationships among families, individuals, society, institutions and psychosocial groups interactions have a considerable effect on the functioning and behavior. On the other hand, another theoretical model, the ecological model asserts that family dynamics are critical in whether or not children develop weight problems or obesity. This possibility is determined by food choices, which are influenced by the family demographic characteristics (HU, 2011). Families in which both parents worked and single parent families were more likely to eat fast foods, compared to other families, which in turn influence the eating habits of children. In addition, low income families vegetable consumption by as much as 22%, as do dual worker families (Delahanty, et al., 2012). Other factors including the parents beliefs and attitudes about the nutritional and exercise needs of the children impact the body weight of the children. References Austin, B. (2011). [Commentary on] The Blind Spot in the Drive for Childhood Obesity Prevention: Bringing Eating Disorders Prevention Into Focus as a Public Health Priority. American Journal of Public Health, Jun2011, Vol. 101 Issue 6 . Delahanty, L. M., Pan, Q., Jablonski, ,. K., Watson, C., McCaffery, J., Kahn, S., et al. (2012). Genetic Predictors of Weight Loss and Weight Regain After Intensive Lifestyle Modification, Metformin Treatment, or Standard Care in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care , vol. 35 no. 2 363-366. HU, F. (2011). Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. diabetes lifestyle, Harvard School of Public Health, in PubMed . Kothari, D. C. (2009). Research methodology: methods and techniques. New York: New Age International. Mazzeo, D., Arens, S., Germeroth, C., Hein, H. (2012). Stopping childhood obesity before it begins. Phi Delta Kappan, Vol. 93 Issue 7 , , p10-15. World Health Organization. (2012, May 17). Obesity and overweight. Retrieved June 3, 2012, from www.who.org: who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/

Midterm Exam Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Midterm Exam - Coursework Example The crew decided to communicate earlier; there could have been speculations on the possible sabotage of Panama against United States. Social media campaign would have twisted the scene to appear as though it was a political issue. Rowdy youths would take the issue into their hands, forcing American politicians and the wider police enforcement to act in response. As a result, there could have been diplomatic problems between United States and Panama, as well as, street violence similar to the Rodney King Riot 1992. Likewise, the panic and fear caused to innocent civilians, who by strong logistical measures were not in a position to communicate with the relatives back in the ship would have been bothering towards the recovery of the shape. Considering that some of these relatives have fragile emotions, panic would result to more catastrophes, for instance, insanity or even death. Moreover, intense political activities would have questioned Carnival ability to respond to disaster. Theories on ship disaster management would have crucified the company wrongly. In the 62 hours of recovery and restoration, the company could have lost a significant among of business, clients and losing a legend image to other competitors. This could have resulted to failure of the multinational, disinvestments and possibly permanent locked out of business. By bring back the ship to the port; it indicated that United States government, Carnival Cruise and the state of Panama were always responsible to what happened to citizens and other customers. There are a number of stakeholders involved in the case. The very most important stakeholders are the customer aboard the ship since these are the bosses of the company. Their relatives, friends and society as well follow closely. Other key individuals are the company crew, those who operate the vessel including their captain. The coast guards, the multinational’s employees,

Leadership, A good leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership, A good leader - Essay Example The history of leadership can be traced back to two phases of theories, the classic theories (before 1938) and the contemporary theories (after 1938). A leader plays a very important role in binding a team together and guiding them through the phases of problems and solving them, as well. A good leader is one, who can maintain his poise and dignity, level-headedness and expertise; and yet, be a part of the team and lead them. He possesses a clear vision and very often, discusses things out with his team mates. The article discusses these various theories that have emerged through the years, which all emphasize different leadership styles. "Superior leaders get things done with very little motion. They impart instruction not through many words, but through a few deeds. They keep informed about everything but interfere hardly at all. They are catalysts, and though things would not get done as well if they were not there, when they succeed they take no credit. And, because they take no credit, credit never leaves them," said Lao Tzu There exist numerous types of leaders---Autocratic, Bureaucratic, Participative, Laissez Faire and Paternalistic. Each of these kinds is distinctive and clear-cut in terms of its approach and the general perception. Autocratic leadership is characterised by close supervision, wherein the leader dons the most important role. The authoritarian gives clear and precise directions; and therefore assumes the top stop with authority. He or she offers no room for employee initiative or independent thoughts. There exists no room for discussions and sharing of ideas, since it is all one-sided. Employees do not participate in decision making and are more like obedient executioners of the plan of action imposed by the leader. In other words, the leader is the most important person, without whom the team crumbles into shambles. He or she becomes the be-all of the team and often is perceived as the face of the entire team. This is very often perceived as the least effective method of motivation, due to the non-participatory element in this form of leadership. The next form of leadership is the Bureaucratic form of leadership. This form of leadership focuses on the institution's rules and policies. It is more or less a statutory form of leadership, that follows theoretical principles with adherence. There exists an apprehension to take chances and management is done "by the book". There are no departures from the rules that are generally accepted. Attempts at creativity of thinking out of the box is something that is not synonymous with this kinds of leadership, more so because of the sheer dedication to rules and book material.

The world financial crisis and recession aftermath Assignment

The world financial crisis and recession aftermath - Assignment Example Due the financial crisis, the world economy include the United States went into deep recession that can be comparable into the Great Recession of the 1930s. According to research, in severe financial crises the crucial indicators such as housing prices and unemployment take longer to hit their lowest points. Several economic strategies have been proposed to tackle the financial crisis and resuscitate the global economy. One school of thought proposes that austerity measures should be taken to cut public expenditure in order to bring the global economy back on course. On the other hand, there are those who advocate for stimulus packages to jumpstart the economy through increased spending ability of the people. In evaluating the best course of action for handling the global recession, I would analyze the current situation based on the Keynesian economic theories. In his General Theory, Keynes renders an opposing view to the classical economic model in which the perfectly competitive ma rkets with flexible measures resulted in self correcting and balancing measures. According to the orthodox doctrine, the Loanable Funds Theory played an important role in determining the interest rates. In this respect, consumption, saving and investment were all functions of the rate of interest. Thus, theory proposed that as long as the interest rate was sufficiently flexible savings automatically turned into investments. However, Keynes pointed out that consumption is a function of income. This implies that in as much the interest rates are flexible, the determinant factor for economic activity was the level of disposable income that individuals had. This argument is relevant to the policy debates concerning the most appropriate approach to the solving of the global financial crisis. I think that it is necessary to ensure that the ordinary citizen has disposable income in order to spur economic recovery. This means that governments should implement stimulus packages in a strategi c way to make it possible for money flow in the economy. Use of austerity measures may not have the desired impact on the economies of the world. For instance, I believe that austerity measures may indeed put a cap on the government expenditures and create some control over money interest rates. However, this may only go as far as stagnation of the economy since people will still lack disposable income for consumption. Keynes also rejected the quantity theory of money. Keynes argued that the assumptions upon which the stable velocity held sway were invalid. Also, it should be noted that people hold on to money for a variety of reasons other than transactional purposes. In his money theory, Keynes pointed out that people may hold money as income deposits, business deposits and savings deposits. It is therefore imperative that if the quantity of money changes, then there will be equal changes in the general price level. This implies that the general state of the economy is affected by the amount of money in circulation. For economic growth, there should be sufficient industrial money circulation. Suffice to say, only stimulus packages can pump in money to the economy. On the other hand, austerity measures lead to reduction of the amount of money that is in circulation. The intention of governments worldwide is to move their economies to the path of growth therefore it is imperative that economic policies taken should ensure that there is more money in the economy. The concept of multiplier effect is a major tool that can be used to help governments to maintain high levels of employment even during times of economic depressions. According to Keynesian economics, the multiplier effect can be used by governments to attain a level of national level of income that would

Coming of Age Essay Example for Free

Coming of Age Essay A coming of age experience can happen any time during ones life, most often when it is least expected. It is the thread that sews humanity together, a phenomenon, which is undeniable. Society tells us, it is a defining moment in a childs life, when the world somehow becomes his or her own. Why then is Coming of Age simply relegated to the young? We all experience this phenomenon, from the tender age of four till the ripe old age of ninety-four. It is not an experience based solely on chronological milestones. Coming of age is a defining moment when a persons wide-eyed nnocence is replaced with something deeper and at times something darker and more sinister, a snapshot in life when one realized the answer rests inside us, not relying completely on God. Consequently, in that way, we are always coming of age, always-losing innocence, gaining understanding, and always discovering new truths about ourselves, emotionally, and intellectually. Coming of age is the act of experiencing a definitive shift in ones perspective, a greater realization of ones place in the world, and a further understanding of how personal actions and reactions are ntegrally linked. Thats not fair was my signature quotation as a little girl. A life full of Barbies, tea parties, and several rounds of Go-Fish card games was very demanding for a five year old. I could only assume the world revolved around which Barbie I wanted to be, what frilly dress I wanted to wear, and my pristine skills of winning every round of Go-Fish. As a little princess, fairness was vital to what made me happy. When I was eight years old, the word fair took on a whole other meaning the day my mom and her best friend, Muffy, took my sister and me to lunch. As we at down at the table, Muffy, the mother of my best friend, Sam, hesitantly twisted the diamond protruding from her gold wedding band. We waited for our lunches in silence, my sister and I only knowing that they had something to tell us, but not knowing what. The silence was unbearable; waiting for something that must have no positive outcome was definitely, as I would term, unfair. After the waitress brought our food, my moms voice filled the intolerable silence. Unlike her usual motherly lectures, my moms voice seemed Just as excruciating as the previous silence; it was uncertain, unfamiliar, and distant. My mom has always been the woman that I admire and would hope to become. The smiles and love she has given to my sister and me have been unconditional and contagious. At the moment, the slightly tilted frown and the unfulfilled eye contact was not the woman that I knew as my mother. All I wish for was to read her mind, fgure out who she had become so that I could make everything better and change her back to the woman I see myself being one day. Muffy began with her understanding voice, a quality that she and my mother share, Emily and Peggy, I can see the concern on your faces and we are here to tell ou that Sam has cancer. He will be undergoing surgery next week and all I ask from you is to be as understanding, mature, and as helpful as possible. I know you are both strong and that it is going to be hard for all of us. My best friend, at eight years old, has cancer. I continued to repeat this in my mind. There was no He will be find or Everything will be taken car of. My mind was running with questions, How long has he had cancer? Will he have to undergo chemo? Will he lose all his hair? But unfair. Two years later Sam went through his third treatment. At this point we were told hat he was not going to make it and at that moment, as a young eight year old, I began to understand that lifes trials cannot be won like a game of go-fish. I began to understand that life is not fair because I did not understand why someone so caring and loving like Sam would be put through this. I do wish that fguring these things out at such a young age would not be as tortuous as my best friend getting cancer and passing away. However, for me, maturing at that age is accepting that the world does not revolved around me. That losing in a game of go-fish is not the end of the world and to treasure every day of life.

wal-mart throws lifeline to managers :: essays research papers

Wal-mart throws lifeline to managers Jessica Marquez Workforce magazine – April 2005 After all the bad press and lawsuits Wal-mart is finally doing something about it. Wal-mart has decided that they need more help in how they hire and train employees. They have decided to bring in human resource specialists into districts and help with selecting, hiring, and training new associates. The new positions will be filled with human resource executives with legal backgrounds. This new concept will be started in the southern California area and if it goes well they will expand to other parts of the country. The teams will consist of 5 people with legal backgrounds. They will be there to help managers with all human resource needs. They are there to answer questions help in selection and hiring decisions. With all the new laws and all the past problems in those areas wal-mart wants their managers to know they have someone to call and have there physically to help when needed. The example they used was if they hire a disabled person what would they need to do to best accommodate this person both too obey the law and too help this person succeed in his or her job. The company will be watching closely to see if this is working. They will gauge its effectiveness by the turnover rate. The current turnover rate is a little below 50%. The goal is to get it too under 10%. The budgets have not yet been determined but Susan Oliver the VP of HR says that whatever the budget is if the employee turnover gets better it will be worth every penny spent. Susan Oliver says that these improvements are not just an answer to the critics and lawsuits but a belief that if they did not do something they would lose the war in hiring and retaining good employees to the competition. She believes that this war will become much more intense as the time goes by. Being the leaders in the industry makes people expect more from them and rightly so. This article brings a lot of good ideas to the forefront. Managers are in need of good HR minded professionals to deal with legal issues in the workplace. They must deal with the handicapped person who wants and needs the job but needs some help in doing so and from the employee that feels he or she has been sexually harassed.

Gender Roles Seen in Toys

Gender Roles and Toys By Shawna Robb English 101 Professor Solomon One room has pretty pink wallpaper with a princess border; the other is blue with monster trucks on one-wall and sports pictures on another. It is not hard to tell which room is female and which room is male. Male and female are used in this instance to define genders. Gender, unlike sex, is a universal guideline upon which individuals are placed. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behavior, and activities that a particular society considers appropriate for men and women. When the pressure of gender stereotypes is open to debate some say there are prenatal influences that are gender based. What is obvious is that gender plays a significant role when it comes to the toys people select for their children and the way that toy companies market them. â€Å"Toys-R-Us† is a United States based toy company who has been taken to task for marketing designs that reflect or promote gender specific toys. It is wrong that toy stores, like â€Å"Toy’s-R-Us†, clearly divides the toys by gender in stores and in toy advertisements because it teaches children how they are supposed to be in order to be accepted by society, promotes aggressive behavior for males and a passive attitude for females. Stereotypical boy toys are things like action figures and toy cars. These are both active and aggressive, which is â€Å"masculine† representing how men are supposed to be in society. Girl’s toys are often dolls, dress up, and toys that mimic household duties. That is stereotypical because its saying girls are passive, not active. It is setting standards that girls belong in the home for their future while boys get doctor kits or chemistry sets that give them higher goals. Introducing children to these gender role ideas this early is shaping them for the rest of their lives. The world’s leading fast food franchise has an interest in the gender of its young customers. At McDonalds a very popular child’s meal is the happy meal. When a Happy Meal is ordered the worker always asks if the child is a boy or a girl. This lets the worker know what type of toy to put in with the meal. The McDonalds worker could ask if the customer wants a hot wheels or a mini Barbie but instead they learn the gender of the customer and stereotypically provide the toy. Toy stores separate their store by toys for girls and toys for boys. The girl isle has stereotypical girl colors like pink, purple, and yellow. All of these colors are light when the boy’s section has colors like red, blue’s, black, brown and green. All of the boy’s colors are darker and less â€Å"pretty†. Just from that quick look down the isle one can notice which is for girls versus boys. The dark colors are less southing and action oriented. The girl colors, are lighter making them much more calm and subdued. This same pattern can be seen in advertisements on television. Female directed commercials are light colors, with softer music usually having lyrics that explain the toy and giving passive examples for what can be done with the toy. Boy’s commercials however have the message that they are going to go out and do something active with the toy. The music for masculine toys is generally uplifting and motivating, which makes a boy excited to play with the toy. Commercials cannot be avoided and they reach almost all boys and girls on a day-to-day basis. One interesting area in looking at the influences of toys and gender is the advertising of toys relative to levels of aggression. The television airwaves are filled with toy advertising. Is there a relationship between this advertising and levels of violence, does this relationship show a gender bias? For example a parent might wonder if the purchase of â€Å"boy oriented† toys for their child might increase the child’s risk for becoming violent. The parent might also wonder if merely watching the advertisements themselves increase children’s risk for becoming violent. In 2001 Kilinger, Hamilton and Cantrell offered the observation that the use of commercials to sell children’s toy products could have a socialization impact on children similar to that of television programming. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory says, â€Å"human behavior is transmitted, whether deliberately or inadvertently, largely through exposure to social models†(Bandura 1). When a child thinks that a behavior will be punished versus rewarded but instead is not even acknowledged they will perceive it as a reward. Children usually continue rewarded behavior to receive more praise. Television is seen as a â€Å"super tutor† to Bandura, the child will model what they see on television, not knowing if it is good or bad. For those children whose parents are not good role models, the television becomes the behavioral role model. If violence and aggression is viewed on the television, it is more likely that children will engage in violent and aggressive behavior. While television can model appropriate behavior, there is a well-documented tendency for violence and aggression. Advertisements are difficult to avoid since they are interwoven in shows and they tend to emphasize violent and aggressive behavior (Kilinger 13). In the study by Kilinger, Hamilton and Cantrell they observed â€Å"children’s perceptions of aggressive content, stereotypic sex-role behavior, and appropriateness of television toy commercials†(Kilinger, 11). The results of the study support the notion that there is a gender bias in terms of aggressive content and consequently aggression potential. The results did show that toys and the advertisements for them aimed toward boys were more aggressive than that of the toys that are gender neutral or aimed toward girls. The commercials shown were clearly sex role stereotyped. This is consistent with other research that has supported the idea that boys are more socialized toward aggression. Boys may be more desensitized to aggression as a result of gender stereotyped toy commercials as well as their toy selections in the past. Again, this is a reason for concern since commercials are unavoidable while watching television. While the promotion of aggression is certainly an adequate reason to exercise great care when it comes to toy and gender, it is not the only reason. Parents do support gender bias toys from the time the child is born. More often than not, a boy will receive toys that are focused towards boys and girls will receive stereotypical girl toys. The children do not go out and buy this themselves; their parents will pick out their toys until the child is already taught what they should like. Parent’s will find out they are having a boy or a girl then base everything around that detail, like the room color example, children and baby clothes are also gender biased as well as their toys. When the girl is playing with girl toys she will be rewarded for the â€Å"right† interests, as would a boy playing with a boy toy. They will then continue this behavior to get their parent’s approval. If a father see’s their son playing with a Barbie doll or asking to be a princess, their father might redirect them saying those are girl things urging them to play with a male biased toy. One thing Social Learning Theory has assumed is that reinforcement and punishment is the means by which parents socialize children. The study named â€Å"Parental Socialization of Young Children’s Play†, done by Eisenberg, Wolchik, Hernandez and Pasternack, observed the parent’s involvement with enforcing gender stereotypes. This study found that parents do reward their children for same-sex toy play. It is not only the toy companies that enforce gender roles in toys; the people raising the child are also responsible for teaching stereotypical thinking. The idea that cross-sexed interests are wrong does come from society and children start learning this from the time they are born. (Eisenberg, Wolchik, Hernandez and Pasternack 1506). A thirteen-year-old Swedish boy, Hannes Psajd, spoke out about the gender focused toys in â€Å"Toys-R-Us†. Hannes said that the 2008 â€Å"Toys-R-Us† Christmas Catalog showed boys playing with different toys than girls do. The boy said that he and his sister always play with the same toys and there is nothing wrong with that. Psajd said that it sends the wrong message to girls, since they are playing with only passive toys. Hannes stated â€Å"boys want to be princesses sometimes†(Landes 1), demonstrating that this store does not only discriminate against girls. When the claim was looked into by a regulatory committee they stated that, â€Å"Toys-R-Us discriminates based on gender and counteracts positive social behavior, lifestyles, and attitudes†(1). This shows that children do recognize this problem if it is brought to their attention. The problem of toys defining gender roles does not completely rest  rest with â€Å"Toys-R-Us† but is a societal problem. Society has created the gender roles we now have and these roles are often strict. While it will take time to make fundamental changes in gender bias a starting point could be the creation of more gender-neutral toys. These toys would have to find their way into homes and that could be a function of the advertising that is currently part of the problem. Parents need to be educated to nurture more flexible gender roles and allow children to explore their interests, even if this interest violates stereotypical norms. Boys and girls should have equal opportunity to play with a doll or a monster truck. Children are taught gender roles from the time they are born, toys are one way that this is taught to them. In a toy store like â€Å"Toys-R-Us†, it is clear to see which isle is for boys and which one is for girls. The colors and stereotypical gender bias toys show the clear division in the store between feminine versus masculine toys. Television advertisements depict females as being passive while they promote aggressive behavior for males, this can lead to boys acting violently in the future. Parents sometimes scold children who play with cross-sex toys, which will teach the child not to repeat this behavior. Gender roles teach a child what they are supposed to be, feminine or masculine, and toys to play a part in enforcing these gender stereotypes. Works Cited Bandura, Albert. â€Å"Psychological Modeling: Conflicting Theories†. Chicago: Aldine Atherton, 1971. Print. Eisenberg, Nancy, Walchik, Sharlene A. Hernandez, Robert, Pasternack, Jeannette F. â€Å"Parental Socialization of Young Children's Play: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study. † Child Development 56. 6 (1985): 1506-13. ERIC. EBSCO. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. Klinger, Lori J. , James A. Hamilton, Cantrell, Peggy J. â€Å"Children's Perceptions of Aggressive and Gender-Specific Content in Toy Commercials. † Social Behavior and Personality 29. 1 (2001): 11-20. PsycINFO. EBSCO. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. Landes, David. â€Å"Toys‘R’Us Scolded for Gender Discrimination. † The Local: Sweden’s News in English. 6 October 2009. Print.